Adapted Physical Education and Sport – Final Exam - International Fitness Professionals Association

1. Adopted physical education is

a. designed for students excused from physical education
b. an individual program that meets the unquiness of the individual
c. designed to meet short-term needs of students
d. essentially the same as physical therapy
e. implemented in a segregated or separate setting

2. An adapted physical education program

a. may be conducted in a regular physical education class
b. should consist of a sedentary alternative program
c. includes only students with disabilities associated with IDEA
d. generally designed to meet long-term unique needs for more than 30 days
e. both a and d

3. The definition of physical education in the rules and regulations associated with IDEA includes all but one of the following:

a. physical fitness
b. motor fitness
c. fundamental motor skills and patterns
d. dance
e. physical therapy

4. Which of the following is an acceptable criterion for establishing a unique need in physical education?

a. determining if a child meets criterion-referenced standards
b. determining if a child meets norm-referenced standards
c. determining if a child meets local curricular standards of achievement
d. determining if a child meets grade-level standards of achievement
e. all of the above

5. In accordance with IDEA, educational programs should be developed by

a. physicians
b. administrators
c. the director of special education
d. parents
e. appropriate committees

6. Which of the following is not recommended as a responsibility of the physician regarding the development of adapted physical education programs?

a. interpreting medical information
b. administering medical exams
c. unilaterally selecting program goals and objectives
d. making referrals to appropriate committees
e. b and c

7. According to IDEA,

a. physical education and physical therapy are direct services
b. physical education and physical therapy are related services
c. physical education is a related service, and physical therapy is a direct service
d. physical education is a direct service, and physical therapy is a related service
e. none of the above

8. Which one of the following programs promotes integration of both athletes with and without disabilities competing together

a. Motor Activities training program
b. Challenger baseball program
c. Hot Shot basketball program
d. Unified Sports program
e. All-For-One program

9. Athletes with amputations would most likely participate in which one of the following disability sport organizations?

a. Disabled Sports USA
b. Dwarf Athletic Association of America
c. Special Olympics
d. United States Association for Blind Athletes
e. BlazeSports National Disability Sports Alliance

10. In what year did physical acticity begin receiving special attention?

a. 1838
b. 1878
c. 1898
d. 1928
e. 1938

11. Comparing performance results with predetermined criteria is known as

a. testing
b. screening or assessment
c. standardized testing
d. all of the above

12. What standards are used when a test allows comparison of an individual performance outcome with the performance of other individuals with similar characteristics?

a. assessment standards
b. criterion-referenced standards
c. norm-referenced standards
d. both b and c

13. What are reasons why we use tests in an adapted physical education program?

a. determining a unique need for physical education
b. providing an instructional basis in physical education
c. meeting district or state testing requirements in physical education
d. all of the above

14After testing and assessment are used to determine eligibility, the next step is to

a. place the student in an appropriate educational setting (placement)
b. use test results, from additional test instruments if necessary, to develop measurable goals and objectives
c. teach the instructional program
d. none of the above

15. When a student has a disability but does not meet the criteria to qualify for special education services provided by IDEA, she might be entitled to appropriate adaptations, accommodations, and services to meet her individual needs as provided in a(n)

a. IEP
b. IPEP
c. IFSP
d. section 504 plan
e. school curriculum plan

16. Which of the following people is not required to be on the IEP team by IDEA?

a. the child's physician
b. one or both of the child's parents
c. at least one regular education teacher
d. at least one special education teacher
e. all of the above

17. Students without disabilities who have unique needs in physical education are protected under which piece of federal legislation?

a. Title IX
b. IDEA
c. Americans with Disabilities Act
d. Rehabilitation
e. none of the above

18. A stimulus event that increases or maintains the frequency of a behavioral response is called

a. extinction
b. positive reinforcement
c. punishment
d. reinforcement of low response rates
e. vicarious reinforcement

19. This behavior management approach encourages improved emotional functioning by helping students understand why they are functioning inappropriately.

a. behavior modification
b. psychodynamic
c. ecological
d. psychoeducational
e. psychoneurological

20. Reinforcement for gradually reducing the frequency of an undesirable behavior is called

a. response cost
b. differential reinforcement of other behaviors
c. differential reinforcement of low response rates
d. reinforcement of incompatible behavior
e. overcorrection

21. An advantage of using behavior modification does not include which of the following?

a. It provides precise measurement to demonstrate cause and effect.
b. It facilitates actual use of behavioral principles.
c. It requires consideration of precisely defined behaviors.
d. It does not require knowledge of the cause of a particular behavior
e. It promotes thorough analysis of environmental conditions.

22. Instructional decisions should be based on

a. a student's medical or behavioral diagnosis
b. a student's individual learning style
c. the objectives of the class
d. a and b
e. all of the above

23. Humanistic philosophy emphasizes

a. have the same traditions
b. employ the same empirical tools
c. emphasize the pursuit and teaching of such qualities as creativity, choice, and awareness
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

24. Why is it recommended not to overprompt a student?

a. The student might become reliant on the prompts.
b. Overprompting can hinder the development of independent skilled performance.
c. Overprompting leads to frequent errors on the part of the learner.
d. Both a and b are true.
e. Both b and c are true.

25. What criteria must be met for someone to be diagnosed as having an intellectual disability?

a. disability manifested before age 18
b. significant limitations in intellectual functioning
c. significant limitations in adaptive behavior
d. inability to communicate, work, or live independently
e. a, b, and c

26. The most prevalent cause of intellectual disabilities is

a. behavioral
b. biomedical
c. interactive effects of many factors
d. social
e. educational

27. Why do children with intellectual disabilities often demonstrate inappropriate responses to social and emotional situations?

a. They are more often exposed to situations they are ill prepared to handle.
b. They do not fully comprehend what is expected of them.
c. They have misinterpreted the situation.
d. They lack appropriate responses.
e. All of the above are true.

28. Organizational methods that are particularly useful in teaching students with intellectual disabilities include

a. learning stations, peer instruction, community-based instruction, and partial participation
b. concrete experiences, data-based teaching, ecological task analysis, and behavior management
c. exploration, problem solving, guided discovery, and independent study
d. all of the above
e. a and b

29. All are examples of emotional disturbance except which one of the following?

a. general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression
b. tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems
c. inability to learn that is explained by sensory or intellectual factors
d. inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers
e. inappropriate types of behavior or feelings under normal circumstances

30. According to Kauffman, schools contribute to the development of behavioral disorders by

a. being insensitive to students' individuality
b. having appropriate expectations
c. providing effective instruction in skills necessary for school success
d. having desirable models of school conduct
e. managing behavior consistently

31. Transitions from gym to classroom, often difficult for students with behavioral disorders, can be made easier by employing

a. cooperative games
b. rough-and-tumble games
c. relaxation
d. group challenges
e. the Premack principle

32. The sequence of skills essential to the technique of active listening is

a. attending, listening, and responding
b. listening, verbal mediating, and responding
c. attending, listening, and verbal mediating
d. listening, responding, and verbal mediating

33. A system of positive behavioral supports would employ all of the following except

a. determining the function of undesirable behavior
b. determining an appropriate alternative behavior
c. determining how positive responses will be reinforced
d. determining how to catch a student misbehaving
e. determining consequences for instances of problem behavior

34. Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with individuals with autism?

a. difficulty with speech, language, and communication
b. inappropriate use of hands
c. difficulty relating to people, objects, or events
d. abnormal responses to sensory stimuli
e. resistance to change

35. Which of the following is not a characteristic associated with individuals with Asperger syndrome?

a. impaired social interaction
b. impaired communication
c. unusual interests and behaviors
d. abnormal responses to sensory stimuli

36. The CDC estimates that 14.7 per 1,000 eight year-olds and males are ___ times more likely to have an ASD than females.

a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
e. 6

37. The IDEA definition of specific learning disability has not changed since ________.

a. 1921
b. 1939
c. 1981
d. 1975
e. 1979

38. Which of the following is not considered a cause of ASD?

a. genetic link
b. neurological link
c. vaccination link
d. none of the above

39. Which condition is not recognized as one of the special education categories under the provisions of IDEA, meaning a child with this primary condition alone cannot qualify for special education services?

a. attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
b. autism
c. learning disability
d. intellectual disability
e. orthopedic impairment

40. Learning disability is a complex multidimensional problem; the most common accepted theory is that this disability is based on what type of condition?

a. cognitive
b. developmental
c. emotional
d. environmental
e. neurological

41. The least important step in appropriate programming for children who are blind is to

a. find out what they can see
b. find out how they became blind
c. find out what activities they have done before
d. determine their current level of performance
e. document all the things they cannot do

42. _______ include(s) seemingly purposeless movements that include rocking, hand waving, finger flicking, or digging fingers into the eyes. If these interfere with learning, it is recommended that they be eliminated.

a. Blindisms
b. Hypotension
c. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
d. a and c
e. b and c

43. For a child who is blind, the teaching strategy of ______________ consists of having the student feel the instructor or a peer execute a skill or activity.

a. explanation
b. demonstration
c. instruction
d. tactile modeling
e. none of the above

44. Which of the following is the single most important instructional strategy when teaching Deaf students?

a. Show them that you care.
b. Look at them when you are talking.
c. Use visual start and stop signals.
d. Use sign language with demonstration when teaching.
e. None of the above is the most important strategy.

45. What mode of communication is preferred by the Deaf culture of the United States?

a. pidgin sign language
b. signed exact English
c. American sign language
d. lip reading
e. none of the above

46. Children who are hard of hearing need which one of the following?

a. No modifications—they can follow along well with what they have.
b. A separate class so they get individualized attention.
c. A modified program to meet their hearing and communication needs.
d. All lessons presented in sign language so they know what is happening
e. None of the above is needed.

47. Which of the following is an appropriate teaching technique for Deaf children?

a. Have students sit in a semicircle around the instructor.
b. Face the student
c. Use sign language.
d. Give Deaf students leadership roles.
e. All of the above are appropriate.

48. Which one of the following is not true of traumatic brain injury?

a. It is a separate categorical condition in IDEA.
b. It is the leading cause of disability in young adults.
c. It can be a result of road traffic accidents or falls
d. Sports related injuries.
e. It always results in blindness.

49. Which of the following tests can be used effectively to assess the health-related physical fitness of individuals with cerebral palsy, stroke, or traumatic brain injury?

a. the Milani-Comparetti Motor Development Screening Test
b. the Brockport Physical Fitness Test
c. the President's Physical Fitness Challenge
d. the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales
e. the aerobic challenge test

50. The phrase that best describes cerebral palsy is

a. a group of permanently disabling conditions
b. a loss of involuntary muscle
c. a mental illness with loss of vision
d. a brain malformation
e. a muscle deterioration

51. The type of cerebral palsy classification system associated with ability levels is

a. topographical
b. functional
c. neuromotor
d. medical
e. psychosocial

52. A school based curriculum created by the Amputee Coalition of America for young people with limb loss is

a. Run for Life
b. Jump
c. Limb Loss Education and Awareness Program (LLEAP)
d. Fit for Life
e. Climb High

53. What is considered the most common type of disproportionate dwarfism?

a. achondroplasia
b. osteoplasia
c. short stature syndrome
d. osteogenesis imperfecta
e. pituitary dwarfism

54. Which of the following sport organizations serves individuals with dwarfism?

a. Dwarf Athletic Association of America
b. Little People Athletic Association of America
c. Disabled Sports USA
d. National Disabled Dwarfism Sport Association
e. National Little People Athletic Union

55. Which of the following is the disease of gradual loss of motor coordination and progressive nerve degeneration?

a. Arthrogryposis
b. Multiple Scirosis
c. Friedreich’s Ataxia
d. Myasthenia Gravis

56. A medical classification of a spinal cord injury is

a. based on the segements of the spinal cord impaired
b. ability to match disability to a sport
c. the naming of the injured vertebrae
d. a and c
e. b and c

57. How many phases are there for people with spinal cord injuries

a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5

58. Which one of the following is a concern related to children with diabetes in physical education?

a. inhaler
b. low tolerance for physical activity
c. blood glucose levels before physical activity
d. behavior problems
e. poor parent input

59. Which one of the following is true about exercise-induced asthma (EIA)?

a. Exercise must be avoided.
b. Aerobic exercise at any level is okay as long as the child has an inhaler on hand.
c. Physical activity triggers breathing difficulties.
d. Obesity increases the frequency of attacks in children with EIA.
e. All of the above are true for children with EIA.

60. Which of the following is true of children with sickle cell anemia?

a. Any and all exercise should be avoided.
b. Osteoporosis may be a problem and require high-impact physical activity.
c. Avoid dehydration and heavy exercise during an acute phase of the condition
d. Children with sickle cell have social difficulties.
e. All of these can be true of children with sickle cell anemia.

61. The percentage of overweight and obese conditions is increasing in which of the following age groups?

a. children
b. adolescents
c. adults
d. all of the above
e. a and c

62. Serious health consequences of obesity include

a. high blood pressure and heart disease
b. decreased insulin sensitivity resulting in the onset of type 2 diabetes
. high cholesterol and atherosclerosis
d. osteoarthritis and respiratory problems
e. all of the above

63. Healthy dietary considerations to promote weight loss include

a. reducing the intake of saturated fat, including trans-fatty acid
b. reducing the intake of simple carbohydrate (sugars and sweets)
c. increasing the intake of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber
d. all of the above
e. a and b

64. Which of the following concepts should a physical educator emphasize in a weight-control program?

a. number of pounds lost rather than percentage of weight lost
b. easing into a physical activity program
c. providing activities that place stress on the lower extremities
d. the concept of no pain, no gain
e. none of the above

65. The categories of movement include all but which of the following?

a. stability
b. manipulation
c. mature
d. locomotor

66. Factors that influence an individual’s movement performance include which of the following?

a. task requirement
b. individual differences
c. environmental factors
d. a and b
e. a, b, and c

67. Which of the following represents the phases of motor development in chronological order?

a. specialized, fundamental, rudimentary, reflexive
b. reflexive, specialized, rudimentary, fundamental
c. fundamental, reflexive, rudimentary, specialized
d. rudimentary, fundamental, specialized, reflexive
e. reflexive, rudimentary, fundamental, specialized

68. The monitoring and interpretation of sensory information resulting from the interaction between the sensory system and the central nervous system is called

a. feedback
b. perception
c. sensation
d. sensorimotor activity
e. none of the above

69. The ability to interpret sensations from cutaneous or outside surfaces of the body is best associated with

a. auditory perception
b. kinesthetic perception
c. tactile perception
d. vestibular stimulation
e. visual–motor coordination

70. The feelings one has about one’s body are referred to as body

a. awareness
b. concept
c. image
d. schema
e. a and d

71. An internal awareness of right and left is known as

a. directionality
b. handedness
c. laterality
d. postural adjustment
e. spatiality

72. Legislation requires that early intervention evaluations must be made by

a. a medical team
b. a combined medical and educational team
c. a transdisciplinary team
d. a multidisciplinary team
e. none of the above

73. Members of a multidisciplinary team for infants and toddlers

a. parents
b. a service coordinator
c. the child
d. school district personnel
e. a and b

74. Which of the following is not a form of family-centered physical education?

a. communicating with parents
b. helping parents prioritize their motor goals for their child
c. developing goals for the child without input from the parents
d. teaching parents how to interact with their child in a motor environment

75. In planning a movement environment for young children, which areas of development should be considered?

a. motor
b. social
c. cognitive
c. cognitive
d. a and b only
e. all of the above

76. Which type of assessment tools might be particularly helpful for evaluating the abilities of young children with severe disabilities for instructional purposes?

a. rubrics
b. formal, standardized instruments
c. norm-referenced tools
d. b and c

77. According to the Smart Start curriculum, environmental interactions may be maximized for children by increasing their interactions with

a. locomotor
b. body control
c. the teacher
d. a and b
e. none of the above

78. What can teachers use for assessing functional motor and play skill performance?

a. standardization tests
b. checklists and rubrics
c. a and b
d. none of the above

79. When establishing a target heart rate zone for a student who pushes a wheelchair with his arms, what adjustment should be made to the general recommendations?

a. content, construction, contact
b. content, construction, contact
c. content, clarity, construction
d. content, construction, clarity
e. none of the above

80. When designing a physical fitness program for a student with a disability, probably the most important consideration is the student’s

a. initial level of fitness
b. disability category (e.g., intellectual disability, learning disability)
c. age
d. gender
e. socioeconomic status

81. Which of the following does not help to define a pattern of physical activity?

a. frequency
b. intensity
c. setting
d. time or duration
e. none of the above

82- Which of the following concepts are considered basic elements of movement?

a. body, space, force, and time
b. space, force, time, and music
c. force, time, air, and body
d. body, time, air, and music
e. none of the above

83. Terms used to describe programs that focus on exploration of space, time, and force include

a. creative movement
b. creative education
c. movement education
d. all of the above
e. a and c

84. Which of the following describes the energy level of movements?

a. space
b. force
c. time
d. impact
e. direction

85. Which of the following is not a correct continuum of one of the movement elements?

a. time: slow to sudden
b. force: soft to strong
c. space: indirect to direct
d. all of the above

86. Adapted aquatics focuses on

a. hydrotherapy
b. competitive swimming
c. water walking
d. therapeutic water exercise
e. the benefits of aquatics and its role in a child’s physical education

87. Physiological benefits of adapted aquatics include

a. improved self-awareness
b. improved health-related fitness
c. improved strength
d. improved breath control
e. b, c, and d

88. Psychosocial benefits of adapted aquatics might include

a. improved tactile sensation
b. improved range of motion
c. improved oral motor control
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

89. The disability that requires the least amount of team sport modification is

a. visual
b. auditory
c. mental
d. cerebral palsy
e. spinal cord injury

90. How many times per year is the USA Swimming Disability Championship held

a. 4
b. 3
c. 2
d. 1

91. Unified Sports is sponsored by

a. Special Olympics
b. National Wheelchair Sports
c. the National Collegiate Athletic Association
d. the President's Council on Sport
e. the National Federation of State High School Associations

92. Which statement is correct about the game of wheelchair football?

a. Teams are made up of 12 players each.
b. Players participate on a regulation football field.
c. An official collegiate football is used.
d. Ball throwing is substituted for kicking.
e. If players can get out of their chairs, they can tackle opponents.

93. The E quad division of wheelchair tennis includes all of the following except

a. walking quadriplegics
b. power-wheelchair users
c. paraplegics
d. triplegics
e. triple amputees

94. Archers who use wheelchairs may employ the following adjustments during competition:

a. Use an electronic draw check indicator.
b. Use bandage or strapping to affix the bow into the hand.
c. Use a compound bow.
d. Use adaptive equipment to provide body support.
e. Use a mechanical release aid with a recurve bow.

95. Wheelchair fencers are prohibited from doing all of the following except

a. leaving their chairs
b. rising from their seats
c. using their legs to score a hit
d. using their legs to avoid being hit
e. losing their balance

96. Which of the following statements is true regarding winter sports for individuals with disabilities?

a. They are inappropriate for many individuals because of the cold temperatures.
b. They provide a means of developing and maintaining fitness.
c. They are limited to recreation because there is no organized competition.
d. They are limited to individuals with mild disabilities who have good coordination.

97. What skill should be emphasized most in the initial ski lessons for individuals with disabilities?

a. independent recovery (standing after a fall)
b. putting equipment on independently
c. moving on the skis
d. stopping and turning

98. Which of the following is not a major advantage of cross-country skiing over downhill skiing for many individuals with disabilities?

a. the costs involved
b. the availability and access to places to ski
c. skier must create the momentum to move
d. the opportunity to practice

99. Athletes who use wheelchairs can elicit cardiorespiratory responses through

a. running
b. jumping
c. arm ergometry
d. weight training

100. What are the 2 most critical considerations when fitting a wheelchair to an athlete?

a. Dimensions of the seat (width, length, and backrest height)
b. Position of the seat to the main wheels.
c. a and b
d. none of the above

Adapted Physical Education and Sport – Final Exam

Adapted Physical Education and Sport – Final Exam

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